Individualism essays

Individualism essays During the Renaissance, individualism was a noteworthy concept which emerged during the era. It stressed personality, uniqueness, genius, and full development of ones capabilities and talents. Before this idea materialized, recognition of remarkable individuals of the Dark Ages was limited strongly due to the fact that Christian humility discouraged self-absorption. However, from the Renaissance on, individualism remains as a dominating theme in Western civilization. The Age of Exploration exhibited individualism through the desire of men to discover lands and gain fame for not only their respective country, but also themselves. Columbus symbolized individualism and escape from Old World tyranny in his discovering of America. Sir Francis Drake brought fame to his country and himself by being the first man to circumnavigate the world. Vasco da Gamas traveling to India led to the claiming of India for Portugal. The emergence of prominent individuals during this time period was significant. Years later, The Glorious Revolution replaced one ruler with minimum bloodshed and helped eliminate the collectivism of the British laws. Political philosopher John Locke maintained that people set up civil governments to protect the three basic needs of life, liberty and property, and if those rights arent fulfilled, the people would have the right to revolt. During the Enlightment, several writers and philosophers appeared and shared their views with the world. Copernicus was the first to derive a heliocentric theory. Voltaire believed in ...laws which protect the freedom of the feeble against the ambitions of the strong and Diderot, along with other philosophers, published the Encylopedia. During the next era, the Romantic Movement was the new individualistic event. It was characterized by a belief in emotional liveliness, uninhibited imagination, and spontaneity in both art and personal lif ...

Invention of the Push Pin

Invention of the Push Pin The push pin was invented and patented in 1900 by Edwin Moore, in Newark, New Jersey. Moore founded the Moore Push-Pin Company with only $112.60. He rented a room and devoted each afternoon and evening to making push pins, an invention he described as a pin with a handle. In his original patent application, Moore described push pins as pins whose body portion can be firmly held by the operator when inserting the device, all liability of the operators fingers slipping and tearing or marring the film being removed. In the mornings, he sold what he had made the night before. His first sale was one gross (a dozen dozens) of push-pins for $2.00. The next memorable order was for $75.00, and his first major sale was for $1,000 worth of push pins, to the Eastman Kodak Company. Moore made his push pins from glass and steel.   Today push pins, also known as thumbtacks or drawing pins, are used widely in offices across the word. Moore Push-Pin Company As soon as he was well established, Edwin Moore began advertising. In 1903, his first national advertisement appeared in The Ladies Home Journal at a cost of $168.00. The company continued to grow and was incorporated on July 19, 1904, as the Moore Push-Pin Company. Over the next few years, Edwin Moore invented and patented many other items, such as picture hangers and map tacks. From 1912 through 1977, the Moore Push-Pin Company was located on Berkeley Street in Germantown, Philadelphia. Today, the Moore Push-Pin Company occupies a large, well-equipped plant in Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia. The business is still exclusively devoted to the manufacturing and packaging of little things.

Colon Cancer in Tissue Engineering Literature review

Colon Cancer in Tissue Engineering - Literature review Example The reason being that reconstructive surgery does not replace the biological functioning of an organ or tissue 4. Medical researchers have had to be innovative. Their innovation has led to tissue engineering (TE), which is the initiation of the regeneration of organs and tissues by taking advantage of the individual’s self-healing capability 5. Normally, tissue engineering purposes to control cells to trigger the regrowth of the respective tissue 6. A process that is termed as therapeutic because it replaces the biological role of the damaged or malfunctioning tissues or organs 7. What does TE involve? TE comprises of the artificial stimulation of the capacity of cell differentiation, synthesis, and increase 8. It utilizes two tactics. The transplantation of cells 9 and the use of biomaterials and biomedical machinery 10. In the utilization of biomaterials and associated technologies, there needs to be the creation of in vivo like conditions. What is the purpose of these in vivo like conditions? The in vivo like environment is developed to ensure that the cells are able to boost their differentiation and proliferation to a sufficient standard that allows the biological capability of tissue regrowth 11. Hence, a cell-manipulated natural healing of the particular organ and tissue is attained without the need of transplanting cells. In addition, transplantation of cells is undertaken by transferring cells that have a huge capability for the differentiation and growth of cells to activate the regeneration of tissue in accordance with its potential 12. In this technique, the transfer is done using the infusion tactic 13 or the bolus injection method 14. However, in the use of biomedical and biomaterial technologies, bio signaling and cell scaffolds techniques have been used to deliver the necessary biomaterials that avail the required conditions for tissue regrowth.

Patient ratio to nurse affects patients ans nurses in canadian health Essay

Patient ratio to nurse affects patients ans nurses in canadian health care - Essay Example Effects of Patient-Nurse Ratio to the Nurses, Patients, and Canadian Health Care Introduction Canada’s health care system has undergone enormous change (Forest, 2004, p. 150). One of these changes involves the Health Human Resource Planning (HHRP) and has posed challenges related to patient-nurse ratio. The HHRP drastically affect the role of the health care providers such as registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, caregivers, and even patients. That is why the Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada proposed that health care must be matched as closely as possible to the health needs of the population (Forest, 2004, p. 151). I had been on practicum in a care home and I noticed how nurses are responsible for 25 patients and 8 patients for each care aid. Based on observation, that nurse and care aid ratio to patients had a huge impact on patient care. Because of that number, a lot of things were missed, poorly done, rushed, and worst commission of negligence. Nur se-patient ratio is not fair especially in care homes and in hospitals. During my practicum as an LPN, I had observed that the quality of care an LPN could give was compromised due to extra load. The LPN cannot bring out the best care for patient and the nurses became task oriented. Both the nurses and LPN cannot spare an enormous amount of time to build a good relationship with the patients. In addition, care aids are given some responsibilities that should be done by a nurse. For example, range of motion (ROM) exercises was performed by LPN although these persons might not know the importance of ROM exercises. As I was talking and taking care of these patients, I noticed presence of contractures because their exercises are not being carried out even though it is written in the chart. Also, topical medications application was assigned to the care aid but it is not applied everyday committing this mistake repeatedly. The unfair patient-nurse ratio diminished the time nurses spend wi th patient. If a nurse had a little bit extra time to spend with patient, it might relieve patient’s anxiety and will ask questions about their health. But instead, patients are given sedatives and nurses no longer sit with the client to alleviate anxiety. More and more drugs are given and it just adds to the drug toxicity in the body. Most of the patients admitted to the hospital are seriously ill. They went to the hospital for cure and not to have additional serious complications on top of it. Studies found out that lower nurse-patient staffing was linked to the occurrences of increased urinary tract infections, pneumonia, thrombosis, pulmonary lung congestion, and other lung-related problems following major surgery. This nurse-patient ratio caused nurses’ burnout as they have to give medications to 25 patients including the tube patient’s medication, IV medication, and insulin injection which were time consuming. Nurses look like robot in giving care and donà ¢â‚¬â„¢t have enough patient time. In some instances, old patients take medication slowly consuming a bulk of time nurses could provide to other patients. In hospitals, nurses are given extra load of acute patients. Later on, this compromised care and adds extra stress on the part of the nurse. In general, the lower nurse

Cultural Diversity and Interaction Essay Example for Free

Cultural Diversity and Interaction Essay The City of Los Angeles, California, as we fondly call it â€Å"The City of Angels†, is the second most heavily populated metropolitan area in the United States of America. It is classified by my fellow Americans as a global city or a world city which means that the channel of associations binding this city has a downright actual causatum on all-encompassing global affairs. Furthermore, including myself, it has a fairly large population of 3, 844, 829 according to the U. S. Census Bureau (Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2005 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2005 2006). Because it is a global city, it is a world-class center of distinction in various fields such as culture, science, education, technology, trade and commerce. Moreover, it is home to world-class institutions of different cultural and socio-economic fields like our community being made up of local government, service groups, clubs, schools, and many more. The racial make-up within our city is mainly divided into whites (46. 9%), African American (12%), Asian (10%), Native American (1. 0%), and other races (31. 1%). So basically, Los Angeles City is composed of Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics or Latino (Mormon, 2007). Majority of the population in our place spoke English and Spanish while the rest spoke Korean, Tagalog, Armenian, Persian, or Chinese/Mandarin. History In the earlier periods, Native Americans such as the â€Å"Grabrielenos†, inhabited the coastal area of Los Angeles. It was then (re)discovered by a Portuguese explorer named Joao Rodrigues Cabrilho (Rapasky, 2003). Almost a century later, Europeans arrived with Franciscan priest Juan Crespi, and reached the present site of Los Angeles City (Britannica Online). The aboriginal migrants are from Spain and they are of African descent. When California attained its freedom from the sovereignty of the Spanish rule, Los Angeles then became a suburb of Mexico. However, as the Mexican rule concluded during the Mexican-American war, Americans took over California. As the years passed by, the city of Los Angeles progressed. Industries flocked into the city. Also, the World War II brought economic growth and prosperity to the city as urbanity expanded the city. Religion Due to its large population, the â€Å"City of Angels† is one of the most religiously diversified localities in the world and it is home to enthusiasts and believers of many religions and has over 100 Christian churches. Aside from these, several religious sectors and organizations representing diverse faiths includes Islam, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Sikhism, and Eastern Orthodox Churches. Moreover, Asian immigrants formed a number of important Buddhism denominations that made the city a home to the most number of Buddhists in the world having also the biggest population of Buddhists in the United States. Roman Catholicism is expectedly the largest because of the high numbers of Hispanic and Filipino Americans and it leads the largest congregation of Roman Catholics in the United States America. The second largest population of Jews in the United States of America is also in Los Angeles and various churches of the Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox dynamisms are established in the city. Census The ratio of females to males in our country is almost equal. Notably, due to the progressively high economic status of the city, only a small portion of the population was below the minimum level of income essential for achieving an adequate standard of living. When the African Americans from the southeast part of the Unites States of America arrived in Los Angeles, the population grew 15 times. Since 1990, the population of Blacks dropped into half because the middle class relocated to the suburbs. However, despite the relocating of homes and families into other areas, the city still has the largest community of African-American residents in the United States. Los Angeles is one of the cities in the United States wherein majority of its population differs from the national majority which is the â€Å"whites† that’s why I expected that it will finally have a Latino majority for the first time. Today, the population of Latinos, Asian Americans, and Caribbeans is still flourishing at a fast rate. Los Angeles City has a large population of people from different nations. Various ethnic ascendancies like Chinatown, Korea town, Little Tokyo, and Thai Town is a sheer evidence of the multilingual and multi-cultural characteristic of the City of Los Angeles. Government The city of Los Angeles is governed by a mayor-council system or a system of governance wherein the council is headed by an elected mayor (Britannica Online). The present mayor in office is Antonio Villaraigosa, a Latino of Mexican descent. Primarily, the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) protects the city from crimes, but, there are also categorically specialized police agencies: the Office of Public Safety, the Port Police, and the Airport Police. The Office of the Public Safety handles the crimes committed within the premises of the city proper such as in public places. The Port Police work together with the Harbor Department in the Ports of Los Angeles. And the Airport police are responsible for law enforcement at the four city-owned airports. Crime Since 1990, the crime rate in Los Angeles rose alarmingly with accounted exploits of violence, homicides, and property crimes. However, at least, compared to violent crimes, property crimes are more frequent. Also, for a global city with a large population, it is amazing to note that the crime rate of Los Angeles city is lower compared to that of Chicago and Atlanta. The distribution of homicides occurring in the city is somewhat concentrated to the South Los Angeles and the Harbor area while a mere quarter occurs in the Downtown. In addition to, the city is a home to hundreds of thousands of gang members and this has led to the city being referred to as the â€Å"Gang Capital of America†. Media The mass media or public media of Los Angeles serves a large population in the area. The major daily newspaper in English is The Los Angeles Times while the La Opinion is the city’s largest Spanish paper. There are also a lot of smaller regional newspapers and periodicals, and weekly magazines and journals. Indubitably, many local periodicals serve immigrant population in their â€Å"mother tongue†. The Los Angeles metropolitan area is served by different of local television stations. There are considerably numerous movies and recorded songs about Los Angeles that describe the concept of the gangs and professional criminals in the area. Also, several television programs and stations operate using the Spanish language and other Asian languages. The media tends to downplay the indiscetions of whites but really blows up the indiscretions of minorities through its use as the framework for cultural communication and expression across the globe. There are research projects that I have already read that focus on cultural interaction in the public domain and investigate issues of technology literacy, education, and politics among the dominant whites and the oppressed blacks. In my point of view, those publications must be critically assessed and that statements which tries to subjugate minorities, or actually oppressing them, should be eliminated. Work manuals, often refer to groups of different races and cultures, must also broaden their perspectives and treat both whites and blacks or minorities as one. Education There are many world-famous educational institutions in the City of Los Angeles such as the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and the University of Southern California (USC). Today, racial segregation is no longer permitted by the law; therefore, Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics have the freedom to study in whatever school that they believe is best for them. Cultural interaction is strongly exhibited in Universities and other learning institutions. As a white with a Native American heritage, I definitely observe some discrimination within our school area, eventhough there is a law under the Constitution that racist acitivities must be put to a halt. And I think, more effort must be given to effectively implement the said directives. Cultural Interaction In our city wherein numerous distinct cultures coexist, interaction is a must. Basically, there are no â€Å"pure† races, in the same sense as there are no â€Å"mixed† races. We are all equal and we all descend from one and the same race. In the ancient world, in the time of empires dominating continents, together with every small territory laid in their feet, it is not such an unknown fact that our existence in this world is entangled with each and everyone’s. Our lives are all engaged, through trade and through movements, in continuous cultural exchange of no such particular proportions, the legacies of which are still with us. Although there are three main races that live in Los Angeles, California, cultural interaction can be seen at work. In relation to the interaction between the different cultures of the Blacks, Whites, and the Hispanics, crime management is a vital thing to be considered in assessing the cultural interaction among them. It is important to note that there is neither enmity nor animosity among the Blacks, Whites, and the Hispanics. As we can all see, these three different cultural groups are living harmoniously with each other. Their interaction in the city, despite the scars left by wars, is extraordinarily peaceful that they all had exerted an astounding influence on each other. Also, they have also earned each other’s respect and trust needed to promote diplomatic relations. Respect towards individual religion, customs, and traditions are shown. Cultural interaction is an enormously complex thing. It requires the full participation and cooperation of everyone involved. It is more than just communication. Cultural interaction is understanding—understanding the fact that we all are different but equal. There is just no race that is superior from the others. Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics are all equal. No matter the complexity of such phenomenon, we should not think that it is not attainable, because it is. Truth to be told, it has already been attained. It is an all-influencing process has been happening, ever since the beginning of civilization. An observation from a community leader, like Mayor Antonio Villaragosa, with reference to the interaction between whites and other ethnic groups in the community is that he treats whites better than other ethnic groups like African Americans in the following circumstances. He once fired black activists from municipality official groups and made it his rule to in no way employ a protester to a metropolitan authority throughout his term in belief that they tend to be less reliable and more corrupt in the administration. Furthermore, he also did not act at once on the cases of Latino killings against the blacks. It is a result of thousands of years of struggles, and wars for the sole purpose of achieving equality in its purest sense. The battle has already been won. And the process of cultural interaction will not cease, as long as we human beings are still living and co-existing in the same dimension and direction. References: city. (2007). In Britannica Student Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 7, 2007, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online: http://www. britannica. com/ebi/article-9273680 Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2005 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2005 [Electronic (2006). Version]. U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 2, 2007 from http://www. census. gov/popest/cities/SUB-EST2005. html. Los Angeles. (2007). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved June 9, 2007, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-10129 mayor and council system. (2007). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved June 6, 2007, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-9051613 Mormon. (2007). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved June 8, 2007, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-9372619 Rapasky, E. P. (2003). History Joao Rodrigues Cabrilho in San Diego Bay, CA on Sept 28 1542 [Electronic Version]. AZORES-L Archives. Retrieved June 4, 2007 from http://archiver. rootsweb. com/th/read/AZORES/2003-09/1064794270.

Shakespeares King Lear - Goneril and Cordelia in King Lear Essay

The Characters of Goneril and Cordelia in King Lear Nothing makes a story like a good villain, or in this case, good villainess. They are the people we love to hate and yearn to watch burn. Goneril, of Shakespeare’s King Lear, is no exception. Her evils flamed from the very beginning of the play with her lack of sincerity in professing her love for her father: "Sir, I love you more than word can wield the matter; Dearer than eyesight, space, and liberty; Beyond what can be valued, rich or rare; No less than life, with grace, health, beauty, honour; As much as child e'er loved, or father found; A love that makes breath poor, and speech unable. Beyond all manner of so much I love you. (I.i. 56-62) One can just feel the insincerity and exaggeration in her words, perhaps even a touch of hatred that is bubbling like a volcano on the verge of explosion, which will wreak destruction on everyone and everything that gets in its path. Of course, Shakespeare does not disappoint. The volcano is actually a good analogy for this character, for she does exactly what is expected. Not only does her father feel her wrath, but also her own husband, the Duke of Albany, who she has killed; The Duke of Gloucester whose eyes get gauged out in her presence; her other sister, Regan, who she kills out of jealousy; and Goneril, herself, when she comes face to face with her true self. In regard to her role in the Elizabethan age, Goneril not only stood for evil, but also rebellion. She has rebelled against the accepted role for women by rebelling against both her father and husband. This reflects much of the theme of the play in that rebellion against accepted social order under mines that order, which leads to downfall and chaos. Ag... ...h the wicked prosper, and the virtuous miscarry . . . the audience will not always rise better pleased from the final triumph of persecuted virtue." What exactly was Cordelia's role in the play? Was she there as an angel - like character who made the distinction between good and evil more visible? Was she just thrown in as a little goody- goody who did no wrong, and maybe, to some degree, we were supposed to despise? Or was she there to make us more aware of a crumbling society where many things were opposite to what one might think it should be, with evil generally prevailing over the good (which to some degree is prophetic to today's society)? There are many theories surrounding this character in particular, and no one has reached a definitive conclusion as of late. The best one I can come up with, however, is simply the answer "Yes," to all of the above.

J.Co Donuts and Coffee Distribution Case Study

After 5 years of continued operation, CO enters the Philippine market and opened Its first branch In SMS Magical. The said company Is owned and managed by Johnny Andrea Group. IV. Statement of the Problem The main problem of J. CO Donuts and Coffee is the consistent long line when ordering prevents the customers from buying. It makes the customers passed off because they are wasting their time and effort falling in a long line. This problem can cause people's dissatisfaction about the product as well as to the store.If not solved s soon as possible, people, as well as the loyal customers, may get tired of the products offered by the company. V. Area of Consideration O. Co Donuts & coffee SOOT Analysis) Strengths J. CO Donuts and Coffee are very famous because of their deferent varieties of delicious doughnuts; J. CO prides itself for creating a life cafe © concept that is vibrant and energetic; stylish yet Interactive and customer-friendly; Also for using only premium ingredients i n its signature range of coffee and chocolate beverages and donuts which appeal to even the most discerning customers.Weaknesses You have to fall in a long line if you want to buy their products; Lack of promotion and activity to develop more loyalty customers; J. CO's Beverages are not preferable because Its size Is smaller compared to other competitors. J. CO Doughnuts are healthier compared to other donuts offered by the competitors. J. CO Doughnuts are more preferable because of its balanced sweetness. When it comes to prices, J. CO Donuts and Coffee has lower prices compared to Crispy Creme.Threats People may get tired of the products if the problems are not solved as soon as Seibel; Loyalty of the customers to the store will start to deteriorate if they're not receiving any fast service, as said people can get tired. VI. Alternative Courses of Action Implement online ordering; online delivery and put up Drive Thrush; As a customer it will be fast and easy for me to buy the pro duct. Implement an order form; It is such a hassle to a customer to make Just â€Å"tour-tour† on what they are going to buy. Continue to build expansions.More branches, more satisfied customers, as well as it can contribute to the advertising of the store. VI'. Recommendation and Conclusion The best solution to the long line in the store is to implement online ordering. With the technology nowadays, it will be more of convenience to the customer if they could just click their order and the boom! There goes their order. It will be fast and easy. Eating those cute doughnuts will not be that time consuming. Therefore, it will make the customers happy. Also, it will keep the loyal customer to be satisfied with the product as well as to the service.

Drug Utilization Study Of Antidepressants Health And Social Care Essay

There is a demand for prospective drug use surveies to adequately measure patient attention and installation indexs. Ordering wonts among head-shrinkers can be improved by making consciousness about taking drugs from the Essential Medicines List. Inclusion of a drug in the infirmary formulary requires consideration of both prescribers ‘ pick of a drug and its presence in the Essential Medicines List. Prescriber instruction can besides concentrate on decrease in prescription of attendant ataractic soporifics. Prescribers should besides be encouraged to look into for patients ‘ conformity with the prescribed medicines and to enter them in the instance sheets. Such steps will advance the rational usage of medical specialties and finally, the quality of health care. The World Health Organisation ( WHO ) defines Drug use as the selling, distribution, prescription and usage of drugs in a society, with particular accent on the ensuing medical, societal and economic consequences.1 Often, drugs are non used maintaining in head their safety and efficacy.2 Rational drug prescribing is the usage of the least figure of drugs to obtain the best possible consequence in the shortest period and at a sensible cost.3 Irrational prescribing and disparity between prescription and ingestion of medical specialties may countervail the benefits demonstrated by randomized controlled tests on drug efficacy.4-7 Furthermore, optimistic outlooks of a drug, based on consequences of clinical tests may non happen when used outdoors controlled settings.8 The recent proliferation of new drugs, increasing acknowledgment of delayed inauspicious effects and concentrate on pharmacoeconomic considerations has stimulated involvement in ordering forms of physicians.5 Antidepressant prescribing forms have changed globally over the last few old ages, with conventional drugs like tricyclics and MAO inhibitors being bit by bit replaced by selective 5-hydroxytryptamines reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIS ) and fresh antidepressants. Prevalence of antidepressant use in the community is lifting in Western populations, with Iceland, Australia and Sweden holding the highest consumption.9 Therefore, our purpose was to analyze the drug use of antidepressant drugs in the psychiatric unit of a third attention infirmary in Pondicherry. Our aims were: To detect the prescribing form of antidepressants among head-shrinkers in our infirmary To measure the reason of the prescriptions To measure the prevalence of antidepressant use in the community MATERIALS AND METHODS Type of survey: Retrospective and experimental. Time period of survey: 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2006 Topographic point of survey: Psychiatric unit of a third attention infirmary in Pondicherry.Inclusion standards:1. All patients who attended the Psychiatry outpatient ( OP ) clinic of the infirmary from 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2006. 2. All patients diagnosed with depressive or adjustment upset ( diagnosed as per International Classification of Diseases – ICD 10 standards ) 10 or any status where antidepressants are indicated.Exclusion standards:Patients who did non have antidepressant drugs. Patients go oning merely those antidepressant drugs prescribed outside the infirmary. Data aggregation: Case records of Psychiatry outpatient clinic were taken from the medical records subdivision of the infirmary. Datas were entered in a pre-designed proforma ( Fig1 ) . From the multiple prescriptions in the instance record with follow-up visits, we took all prescriptions incorporating at least one antidepressant as one prescription. Therefore, if the initial prescription was continued, it was regarded as the same prescription for the given continuance. Any dose alteration in that prescription was noted for ciphering drug ingestion. Addition of another antidepressant to or alteration of antidepressant from the bing regimen was regarded as a separate prescription. In both instances, the figure of drugs in the prescription included the added or changed antidepressant ( s ) , along with attendant medicines from the earlier prescription. However, prescriptions incorporating drugs for co-morbid conditions ( non-psychiatric ) which were non prescribed in the section of Psychiatry were excluded. Sampling frame: All patients run intoing eligibility standards as given above. Datas analysis: Datas were subjected to analysis for: Demographic inside informations ( Age and gender ) Psychiatric diagnosing Antidepressant drugs prescribed 4. Completeness of prescription, rightness of drug, dosage, frequence and continuance. 5. Rationality of prescription harmonizing to WHO ordering indexs. 6. Defined daily dose ( DDD ) of the antidepressants per 1000 dwellers per twenty-four hours ( DID ) 7. Prescribed day-to-day dosage ( PDD ) of the antidepressants 8. PDD to DDD ratio of the antidepressants Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ( ATC ) categorization and Defined Daily Dose ( DDD ) per 1000 dwellers per twenty-four hours ( DID ) computations were used for gauging antidepressant usage in the community. Following the methodological analysis outlined by WHO,11 we calculated DID as follows: DID =Amount of antidepressant prescribed in 1 twelvemonth ( milligram ) Ten 1000 dwellers DDD ( milligram ) X 365 yearss X Population of Pondicherry and Cuddalore All patients belonged to either Pondicherry or Cuddalore territory of Tamil Nadu. So, for computation of DID, we used the population of Pondicherry every bit good as Cuddalore territory as per available statistics. Entire figure of DIDs is calculated by adding up the DIDs for single antidepressants. PDD was calculated as follows: For each prescription, there were multiple doses of the antidepressants, due to dose titrations and we took the norm of the day-to-day doses for the antidepressant as the PDD. This procedure was repeated for all the indicants of each antidepressant and the concluding value was the norm of the PDDs therefore obtained. PDD to DDD ratio was so calculated. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistical tools were used. Ethical clearance: As it was a non-interventional survey, the institutional research commission granted waiver on the confidence that capable confidentiality would be maintained. We took the undermentioned stairss in this respect: Designation of patients by the infirmary figure merely and non by name. Case records to be accessed by research workers in the Medical records subdivision merely. Patient inside informations non to be divulged to any party other than co-authors. Proformas to be destroyed after decision of survey. Consequence Demographic inside informations: Out of 222 patients having psychoactive medical specialties during the survey period, 169 ( 76.58 % ) received one or more antidepressants. Among these 169 patients, 82 ( 48.52 % ) were males and 87 ( 51.48 % ) were females. Age distribution of patients having antidepressants is shown in Fig 2. Psychiatric diagnosings: Distribution of primary psychiatric diagnosings of patients having antidepressants is shown in Table 1. Antidepressant drugs prescribed: Entire figure of prescriptions given was 192 and a sum of 446 drugs were prescribed. Of them, 192 were antidepressant medicines of 8 types, as per ATC category. Table 2 and Fig 3 show different antidepressants prescribed. Number of antidepressant prescriptions along with their indicants is shown in Table 3. Substitutions and Adjunctive antidepressants: Change of antidepressant was required on 18 occasions. Duloxetine was substituted on 10 occasions, escitalopram on 4, mirtazapine on 3 and imipramine on 1 juncture. Addition of a 2nd antidepressant was seen on 3 occasions because of hapless response with a individual drug. Of them, duloxetine was the first antidepressant on 2 occasions and mirtazapine on 1. Attendant medicines prescribed in the section of Psychiatry: Table 4 shows attendant medicines prescribed in the section of Psychiatry. Completeness of prescription, rightness of drug, dosage, frequence and continuance: Besides patient inside informations and outpatient designation figure, prescriptions contained the patient ‘s primary diagnosing, drug ( s ) prescribed, dose signifier, dosage, frequence of disposal and continuance of intervention along with the day of the months of followup. There was no incorrect dosage, frequence and continuance of intervention ; in some instances, inappropriate drug was prescribed for a incorrect diagnosing which was corrected when primary diagnosing was revised on follow up. Table 5 shows the figure of drugs per prescription among the 192 prescriptions. More than 5 drugs were non prescribed to any patient. Rationality of prescription harmonizing to WHO ordering indexs: As per WHO Prescribing indexs, we observed: Average figure of drugs per prescription: 2.32 ( 446/192 ) Percentage of antidepressant drugs prescribed by generic name: 88.54 % ( 170/192 X 100 ) Percentage of Fixed dose combinations ( FDCs ) of antidepressants: Nothing Percentage of brushs for ordering injections of antidepressants: Nothing Percentage of antidepressant drugs prescribed from Essential Medicines List ( 16th EML of WHO ) : 1.56 % ( 3/192 X 100 ) Percentage of drugs prescribed from the National List of Essential Medicines ( NLEM, endorsed 2002 ) was 2.60 % ( 5/192 X 100 ) . Percentage of drugs prescribed from the infirmary pharmacopeia was 96.35 % ( 185/192 X 100 ) . Defined daily dose ( DDD ) of the antidepressants per 1000 dwellers per twenty-four hours ( DID ) : ATC cryptography, DDD and computation of DID are summarized in Table 6. Entire figure of DIDs of antidepressants was 0.02. Prescribed day-to-day dosage ( PDD ) of the antidepressants and PDD to DDD ratio of the antidepressants: PDD and PDD to DDD ratios are besides summarized in Table 6. Discussion Demographic inside informations: Antidepressants were prescribed more in females ( 51.48 % ) than in males ( 48.52 % ) . This is consistent with findings in other studies.12,13 This female preponderance might reflect the higher prevalence rate of psychiatric morbidity in adult females, peculiarly, depressive and anxiousness upsets and may besides be due to gender functions played by adult females in society, with more voicing of psychological jobs and seeking of professional help.13 The age distribution shows the bulk of patients, having antidepressants belonging to 21-30 old ages age group ( 36.69 % ) . In fact, 66.27 % were aged between 21 and 40 old ages. This is in contrast to the consequences of a survey of antidepressant usage in East Asia, wherein the average age of patients having antidepressant prescriptions was more than 40 years.14 In another survey in Europe, where antidepressants were the 2nd most normally prescribed psychotropic drugs, bulk of the users were between 35 and 49 old ages, with a average age greater than 40 years.13 Psychiatric diagnosings: Depressive upset was the most common psychiatric diagnosing among the population ( n=222 ) , with a prevalence of 47.75 % . It was besides the most common indicant for utilizing antidepressants ( 62.72 % ) , followed by Mixed Anxiety and Depressive upset and Schizophrenia with station schizophrenic depression among the top three diagnosings. Antidepressant drugs prescribed: Antidepressants were the most common psychotropic drugs prescribed ( 76.58 % ) . Choice of antidepressant was based on ICD diagnosing, badness of disease/disorder, co-morbidity, drug efficaciousness and considerations for patients ‘ tolerability. Most common antidepressant prescribed was the Selective Noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor ( SNRI ) duloxetine ( 50 % ) . The newer antidepressants – duloxetine, escitalopram, Zoloft and mirtazapine accounted for the majority of prescriptions. ( 96.36 % ) , which follows the planetary tendency towards antidepressant prescribing.14-18 In many surveies, Selective 5-hydroxytryptamine re-uptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) accounted for the majority of the prescribed antidepressants, with high ordering rates.14-17 In our survey, SSRIs – escitalopram, Zoloft and Prozac were prescribed on 57 out of 192 occasions ( 29.69 % ) . Among the SSRIs, escitalopram was the preferable drug. Again, this is in contra st to findings in the East Asian survey on antidepressant usage, wherein Prozac and Zoloft were prescribed more often than escitalopram and its usage was lower than Desyrel, mirtazapine, impramine hydrochloride and amitryptiline. However, ordering rates of tricyclic antidepressants impramine hydrochloride and amitryptiline were lower than the prevalent norms.14 Doses of antidepressants were prescribed harmonizing to badness of disease/disorder, get downing with low doses and titrated upward or downward harmonizing to clinical response and patients were kept on regular followup. Duloxetine was the most common antidepressant prescribed in Depressive upset ( 56.56 % ) , Mixed Anxiety and Depressive Disorder ( 41.38 % ) and in BPAD ( 62.50 % ) . Most common antidepressant prescribed in Schizophrenia with post-schizophrenic depression was escitalopram ( 44.44 % ) , and in OCD, Zoloft ( 80 % ) . Substitutions and Adjunctive antidepressants: Prescription of a individual antidepressant was common and occurred in 98.44 % of instances. Reasons for altering an antidepressant were hapless curative response or unbearable inauspicious effects. Duloxetine was the most normally substituted antidepressant. It was besides the most common antidepressant to which adjunctive antidepressant drug was prescribed. Attendant medicines prescribed in the section of Psychiatry: Ataractic soporifics were the most common group of drugs prescribed ( 65.10 % ) concomitantly with antidepressants, followed by major tranquilizers, temper stabilizers, trihexiphenidyl, acamprosate, propranolol and vitamin B1. Except for Vitamin B1, which was prescribed in Alcohol Dependence, and propranolol, which was prescribed for intervention of shudders, all others were psychoactive medicines. Trihexiphenidyl was prescribed to counter the extrapyramidal inauspicious effects of attendant major tranquilizers. Completeness of prescription, rightness of drug, dosage, frequence and continuance: Rational prescribing was followed as per the rules of prescription order writing.19 Sing the definitions of polypharmacy which are most normally cited, there was no polypharmacy because there was no prescribing of antidepressant medicine which did non fit diagnosing and there was no prescription with more than 5 drugs.20 68.23 % of the prescriptions ( 131 out of 192 ) had 2 drugs or less, which is recommended. However, there were instances where wrong diagnosing led to ordering of inappropriate drug ab initio ; it was rectified when primary diagnosing was revised on follow up. Clinicians ‘ pick of drug was non based chiefly on affordability for the patient, so the cheapest drug was non ever prescribed. Rationality of prescription harmonizing to WHO ordering indexs: The mean figure of drugs per prescription was more than 2, which is high. But, we had excluded all prescriptions where antidepressants were non prescribed. So, prescriptions where merely guidance was provided were non considered, in which instance the figure of prescriptions with less than 2 drugs would hold risen, thereby conveying down the mean figure of drugs per brush. Ordering by generic names was high ( 88.54 % ) and close to 100 % . There were no fixed dosage combinations ( FDCs ) or injectible readyings prescribed, which indicate rational prescribing patterns. The per centum of drugs prescribed from the 16th WHO Essential Medicines List and the National Essential Medicines List ( endorsed 2002 ) was low. However, per centum of drugs prescribed from the infirmary pharmacopeia was really high ( 96.35 % ) . This indicates the demand to convey about a balance between clinicians ‘ petitions for maintaining a dru g in the infirmary pharmacopeia and the recommendations of WHO and National Essential Medicines Lists. ATC Classification, Defined daily dose ( DDD ) and DDD of the antidepressants per 1000 dwellers per twenty-four hours ( DID ) : The anatomical curative chemical ( ATC ) categorization system divides drugs into different groups harmonizing to the organ or system on which they act and their chemical, pharmacological and curative properties.21,22 Each drug is assigned a peculiar combination of letters and Numberss. The defined day-to-day dosage ( DDD ) is the false mean care dose per twenty-four hours for a drug used for its chief indicant in adults.21 DDD was developed to get the better of expostulations against traditional units of measuring of drug ingestion and to guarantee comparison between drug use surveies carried out at different locations and different clip periods. Entire DID of the antidepressants show low ingestion, in crisp contrast to the tendency of Western European states and the USA, particularly during the last decennary, with high rates of antidepressant prescribing and consumption.9,22,23 DID for duloxetine can be interpreted as 0.0025 out of 1000 patients or 0.025 % would hold used a dosage of 60mg. Similarly, DIDs of escitalopram, mirtazapine, Zoloft, impramine hydrochloride, Desyrel, amitryptiline and Prozac can be interpreted as ingestion of their several DDDs by a population of 0.019 % , 0.004 % , 1.007 % , 0.003 % , 0.019 % , 0.12 % and 0.00007 % . Prescribed day-to-day dosage ( PDD ) of the antidepressants: The prescribed day-to-day dosage ( PDD ) is defined as the norm dosage prescribed harmonizing to a representative sample of prescriptions. It is of import to associate the PDD to the diagnosing on which the dose is based. The PDD will give the mean day-to-day sum of a drug that is really prescribed. PDD is particularly of import for drugs where the recommended dose differs from one indicant to another ( e.g. psychotropic drugs ) . When there is a significant disagreement between the PDD and the DDD, it is of import to take this into consideration when evaluating and construing drug use figures, peculiarly in footings of morbidity.24 PDD to DDD ratio of the antidepressants: Ratio of PDD to DDD is frequently used as an indicant of the adequateness of dosing. A ratio less than 1 as seen in instance of duloxetine and mirtazapine indicates under-dosing. A ratio greater than 1 was seen for Zoloft and amitryptiline. All other antidepressants showed a PDD to DDD ratio equal to 1, reflecting the adequateness of dosing in these cases.25 Restrictions of the survey: Our consequences should, nevertheless, be seen in the visible radiation of the little sample size, compared to the surveies with which they have been compared. Restrictions of the survey were the deficiency of patient attention indexs and some of the installation indexs like handiness of drugs and impact of cost on drug intervention, which increase the public-service corporation of the survey, but which can be derived prospectively merely. As with any drug use survey, existent usage or conformity with prescribed antidepressant was non possible to supervise, more so with a retrospective survey of instance records, where notes on conformity are missing. Furthermore, we could non quantify informations on comparative clinical effectivity of the antidepressants. Strengths of the survey: Strengths of the survey are the usage of a structured proforma for informations aggregation with inside informations of drug prescriptions on follow up visits, and a comprehensive application of drug use tools like ATC/DDD categorization and computation of DID and PDD/DDD ratios to measure prevalence of antidepressant usage in the community of the survey population. Documentation of longitudinal follow-up informations gives a better thought of drug ingestion than transverse sectional informations. Data on drug permutations and augmentations every bit good as attendant psychotropic medicines are besides provided. Decision: Our survey shows that depressive upset was the most common psychiatric diagnosing in the population and antidepressants were the most normally prescribed psychotropic medical specialties. There was a higher prevalence of antidepressant prescribing for adult females. Majority of antidepressants were prescribed to immature and older grownups between 21and 40 old ages. The SNRI Duloxetine, the SSRIs escitalopram and Zoloft and the untypical antidepressant mirtazapine were the most normally prescribed antidepressants, with or without other attendant psychotropic medical specialties. Most patients were treated by a individual antidepressant. However, hapless response and/or tolerability considerations made the prescribers change the antidepressant or add a 2nd antidepressant. Antidepressants were prescribed for many indicants other than depressive upset and head-shrinkers ‘ pick of drug was influenced by diagnosing, badness of disease/disorder, co-morbidity, drug efficacio usness, and considerations for patients ‘ tolerability, but non chiefly on the cost of medicine. Prescriptions were complete and polypharmacy was non seen. Favorable and unfavorable results were seen for 3 and 2 WHO ordering indexs severally. Consumption of antidepressants in the community was low. Adequate dosing was seen for all antidepressants, except for duloxetine and mirtazapine, for which under-dosing was prevailing. Recommendations: There is a demand for prospective drug use surveies to get the better of some of the restrictions of our survey. Ordering wonts among head-shrinkers can be improved farther by making consciousness about taking drugs from the Essential Medicines List and cut down prescription of ataractic soporifics. Such steps can diminish the figure of drugs per prescription and besides the cost of therapy. Prescribers should besides be encouraged to look into for patients ‘ conformity with the prescribed medicines and to enter them in the instance sheets. Such steps will advance the rational usage of medical specialties and finally, the quality of health care.

National Identification System essays

National Identification System essays Should a national identification system in which each Americans DNA pattern is registered be established? Has the U.S. come to the point where we have to devise a national identification system in which everyones DNA pattern is registered in a network of computers? I believe so, and the process of using a persons DNA pattern for a national identification system is a very good idea. This identification system could be used to offer new jobs, put criminals - who are guilty - in jail, and also provide people with medical information about themselves and their health. I believe using a persons DNA pattern for a national identification system is a very good idea, even better than fingerprints. Although every human being is 99.9% identical, that .1% left makes a big difference between two people. By using a genome of 3 billion letters your DNA chain that tenth (.1%) is actually three million separate links in your DNA chain. That is how the difference between two people is figured out. I know its a difficult process, but it can be very useful in our society today, and that is why I think it is a very good idea. Although the identification system is a very complicated matter it could open up doors for job opportunities, for people that qualify. People that are qualified for the job might have to be: computer literate, able to work long hours, reliable and trustworthy to run sophisticated and expensive machinery, and have a background of knowledge of the DNA chain and patterns among it. Also, probably being a government funded job, benefits would be available, and the pay wouldnt be too bad either. Fingerprints are very useful in burglary and property crimes, but what about a rape case? Fingerprints wouldnt be very useful in a rape case, so DNA testing would have to be done on semen samples found at the scene of a crime. Fingerprint variations are spectacular and were con ...

So Youre Thinking About Becoming A Truck Driver

So Youre Thinking About Becoming A Truck Driver As we’ve said so many times on this site, if you’ve got a long attention span, a tolerance for a demanding schedule, a driver’s license and a love of life on the road, trucking can be the perfect job for you.  Nearly half of all Americans know someone who works in the trucking industry, so odds are you already have a professional contact! Long-term driving can involve from 2-4 weeks away from home on the road, which can be hard on a family- but for a born nomad, it’s a match made in heaven. You spend a lot of time alone- so introverts have an advantage- but truck stops are open 24/7 and there will always be colleagues on the road to talk to!Skills RequiredWhen asked about the crucial qualifications for their job, most drivers most often cite â€Å"long haul skills†: focused, experienced driving, the ability to adapt to all kinds of weather and other challenging conditions, and proficiency in basic servicing for your vehicle. Maintenance of your tr uck and being responsible for your own sense of professionalism often boost truckers’ self-respect and can even translate to other career fields down the road.Here are some of the skills and certifications many employers currently look for in their professional driving staff. You can acquire the basics, like a CDL license, at any of the reputable driving schools in the country. [Source: WantedAnalytics]CompensationOne of the major benefits many truckers mention is the freedom to pretty much live anywhere along their main route. And while these salaries represent the lower end of the scale, many drivers report income as high as $70K within three years of regular, full-time driving. [Source: WantedAnalytics]Job OpportunitiesTop employers include, no surprise, companies with long distance shipping needs like Lowe’s, Walmart, Nestle, and Costco. You can also function basically as a freelancer when you work with an independent company- dispatchers will put out calls for dri vers and if you’re available, you can snag the job.Some states are even exploring lowering the interstate driving age; the current regional age is 18 in many areas, but drivers aren’t allowed to cross state lines. Current legislation may change all that.And if you’re in search of perks, some trucking companies are investing in high-end, luxury-packed vehicles.  You may find there’s no place like home, and that home just happens to be on four wheels and pulling a trailer.Future prospects when you’re ready to get off the road might include being a dispatcher.  Dispatching rigs requires many of the same road-savvy skills as driving, with an added layer of multi-tasking and organizational strategies.3 Sample Job PostingsJob postings for truck drivers are fairly simple- mostly they need to know whether you can show up to pick up your load and deliver it on time.†Ã‚  TRUCK DRIVER- Athens, NY;  Village Oil is looking for a competent fuel truck driver. Full time seasonal (winter) to start, could lead to year-round employment. Salary based on experience/ability.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬  JAYLOR TRANSPORTATION  is looking for OTR drivers. We have a Team and single loads available. Loads are straight out and back. Loads are no touch, no drops. Experience necessary, clean driving record a must. Mecical benefits available. Vacation pay after the first year. Well-maintained equipment.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  LOWE’SPosition Description Responsible for planning and executing delivery activities, preparing delivery loads, following planned delivery routes, and assisting with merchandise installations or returns, unloading, installing, and checking appliances and store equipment. Also responsible for the cleanliness and standard maintenance of delivery vehicles, observing safety procedures regarding Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations, Hazmat, and power equipment tools, maintaining DOT and CDL certifications, and complying with reporting.Job Requirements Requires morning, afternoon, and evening availability any day of the week. Physical ability to move large, bulky and/or heavy merchandise. Physical ability to perform tasks that may require prolonged standing, sitting, and other activities necessary to perform job duties.Minimum Qualifications Valid Class A (with air brake endorsement) license Ability to read, write, and perform basic arithmetic (addition, subtraction). Minimum 21 years of agePreferred Qualifications 3 months experience operating a forklift or Moffett onloading/offloading a vehicle. 1 year experience driving a semi-truck/trailer OR certification from a driving school. 6 months experience performing in-home delivery OR retail customer service.â€Å"  Whether you find the prospect of long hours of your own company appealing or want to see more of the country before settling into a driving occupation closer to home, explore trucking- see if it’s the right lane for you!

Weekly progress report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Weekly progress report - Coursework Example I spend Monday and Tuesday reading an article titled, Omans eGovernment progress recognised internationally, written by Ammari. S (2012). The article talks about the recent development in the context of m-government in Oman. I also read the Statistical year book developed by the Ministry of National Economy – Oman (2007). It helped me in understanding the acceptance and feasibility of mobile technology in Oman On Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, I started writing my first chapter covering the context part along with designing research aim and objectives and formulating research questions. The context of the research covers information on the importance of m-government, its applications in Oman and overall acceptance and feasibility in the present and coming years. In the coming week, I am planning to read articles on the growth and development of m-government in Oman for 2-3 days. I have read few articles published in the newspaper, Oman Observer. One of the articles titled, 4G services launched written by Harthi F.B.K (2012) states the emergence of 4G services in the country while the article titled, Improving Customer Service via Mobile Banking written by Murphy. D (2009) states the emergence of mobile banking offering multiple benefits to users and organsiations. However, the article titled, M-Government Services Initiatives in Oman, written by Naqwi and Shihi (2009) states that there are major loopholes in the m-government as the model is fairly new. I have not read much but will continue to do so in order to critically analyse the literature I have also planned to strengthen my literature reading by visiting the nearest library along with reading more articles and journals on m-government and its applications in the context of Oman in the mid week for 2-3 days I do not wish to read end numbers of journals, articles and books as the mentioned research